For each of us - rich or poor, young or old - there are times in our lives when we must face and deal with personal losses and the pain and sorrow they cause. Examples that come easily to mind are the death of a parent, spouse, child, or other close family member or friend. Many other events and transitions also bring with them sadness and a need to grieve:

• Being told you have a serious, possibly terminal illness.
• Having to give up interests and activities that have been a major part of your life.
• Seeing serious decline in mental or physical health of someone you love.
• Retiring from a work career or voluntary activity that has helped shape who you are and what you stand for.
• Losing a significant part of your independence and mobility; even giving up driving a car can be a significant loss for many people.
• Moving out of your home.
• Saying goodbye to a favorite pet.

Losses such as these are simply part of living. Like their counterparts among the joyful occasions in our lifetime - the birth of a child or grandchild, a celebration of marriage, an enduring friendship - they are part of what it means to share in the human experience. And the emotions they create in us are part of living, as well.

"GRIEF is reaching out for someone who's always been there, only to find when you need them the most, one last time, they're gone."

The death of a loved one is life's most painful event. People's reactions to death remain one of society's least understood and most off-limits topics for discussion. Oftentimes, grievers are left totally alone in dealing with their pain, loneliness, and isolation.

Grief is a natural emotion that follows death. It hurts. Sadness, denial, guilt, physical discomfort, and sleeplessness are some of the symptoms of grief. It is like an open wound which must become healed. At times, it seems as if this healing will never happen. While some of life's spontaneity begins to return, it never seems to get back to the way it was. It is still incomplete. We know, however, that these feelings of being incomplete can disappear.

Healing is a process of allowing ourselves to feel, experience, and accept the pain. In other words, we give ourselves permission to heal. Allowing ourselves to accept these feelings is the beginning of that process.

The healing process can take much less time than we have been led to believe. There are two missing parts. One is a safe, loving, professionally guided atmosphere in which to express our feelings; the other is knowing how and what to communicate.

When we experience a major loss, grief is the normal and natural way our mind and body react. Everyone grieves differently. And at the same time there are common patterns people tend to share.

For example, someone experiencing grief usually moves through a series of emotional stages, such as shock, numbness, guilt, anger and denial. And physical responses are typical also. They can include: sleeplessness, inability to eat or concentrate, lack of energy, and lack of interest in activities previously enjoyed.

Time always plays an important role in the grieving process. As the days, weeks and months go by, the person who is experiencing loss moves through emotional and physical reactions that normally lead toward acceptance, healing and getting on with life as fully as possible.

Sometimes a person can become overwhelmed or bogged down in the grieving process. Serious losses are never easy to deal with, but someone who is having trouble beginning to actively re-engage in life after a few months should consider getting professional help. For example, if continual depression or physical symptoms such as loss of appetite, inability to sleep, or chronic lack of energy persists, it is probably time to see a doctor.

Here are some tips that may help you and the rest of the family recover from the death of your parents.

1. Resist the temptation to dismiss their death as "timely" or "inevitable". While this is one way to rationalize the loss, it doesn't touch your emotions. You have experienced a significant loss and you need to take time to grieve. The majority of people whose parents die are employed full time. A three-day bereavement leave isn't enough time to deal with this loss. Be aware of the need to adjust your personal schedule to take time to grieve.
2. Work at keeping the lines of communication open between you and your siblings. They understand more than anyone what your loss entails. Remember each member of the family has a personal loss and each will mourn the death of your parent for different reasons and in different ways.
3. Find one or two close friends with whom you can talk. People often say, "My friends don't want to hear about this!" All your friends won't, but ask one or two for permission to use them as sounding boards. There are also professionals you may call on: your doctor, your clergy, a counselor or your funeral director.
4. Do something to memorialize your parent. This could be a donation to a favorite charity. It could be a memorial in your family church. If possible you may want to create a permanent memorial at his or her college or university. Perhaps you would like to plant a tree in memory of your parent.
5. Draw on the resources of your faith to sustain you. How does your faith or spirituality address the issue of dying? How does it help you make sense of life? Does it help you answer your questions?
6. Although your parent is physically dead, he or she will continue to live through you. The values your parent gave you will affect you - for better, or worse - for the rest of your life. Take what is good from them and incorporate it more fully into your life and be thankful for the good you received.

The time of death can be mystifying and troubling to a young person. We at OFSA, help children understand the processes of dying, death and bereavement and how it affects their lives. Our children's program offers interactive discussions of what happens when a person dies, what the children will see, and examination of the caskets help children deal with the situation in an honest and caring setting before seeing their grandparent or other loved one. We encourage children to be part of the funeral by putting pictures, letters or other meaningful items in the casket. Young people may also act as honorary pallbearers during the service.

Should the Children Know?

Learning to accept death is a natural experience in life which, must not be ignored. Talking about death is necessary. It is a vital part of every child's development.

How Should I Explain Death?

Death is a subject most of us do not like to talk about but eventually we all have to face it. We, at OFSA would like to help prepare your family before the need arises. We have designed a program to meet the needs of your family, in respect to the ages of your children, your faith issues and cultural beliefs.

When & How do we Participate?

Individual appointments will be made for your family or group at a time that is mutually convenient to your family and ours. The program is best conducted at OFSA this gives the children more of a hands on approach to learning. The intention of the program is to give a better understanding, and remove the mystery around what happens when a person dies. Depending on the ages of your children, and the size of your family or group, we would like you to allow us 60 minutes for discussion, tour, and questions.

What Ages Should Attend?

If the child is old enough to walk let him/her walk with you into the funeral home, if not carry them in with you.

As in all situations, honesty is the best way to deal with children. Talk to the child in a language that they can understand. Remember to listen to the child and try to understand what the child is saying and just as importantly, what they are not saying. Children need to feel that the death is an open subject and that they can express their thoughts or questions as they arise. Below are just a few ways adults can help children face the death of someone close to them.

1. The child's first concern may be "Who is going to take care of me now?"
   • Maintain usual routines as much as possible.
   • Show affection, and assure the child that those who love him or her still do and that they will take care of him or her.
2. The child will probably have many questions and may need to ask them again and again.
   • Encourage the child to ask questions and give honest, simple answers that can be understood. Repeated questions require patience and continued expression of caring.
   • Answers should be based on the needs the child seems to be expressing, not necessarily on the exact words used.
3. The child will not know appropriate behaviour for the situation.
   • Encourage the child to talk about their feelings and share with them how you feel. You are a model for how one expresses feelings. It is helpful to cry. It is not helpful to be told how one should or should not feel.
   • Allow the child to express their caring for you. Loving is giving and taking.
4. The child may fear that they also may die, or that they somehow caused the death.
   • Reassure the child about the cause of the death and explain that any thoughts they may have had about the person who died did not cause the death.
   • Reassure him or her that this does not mean someone else he or she loves is likely to die soon.
5. The child may wish to be a part of the family rituals.
   • Explain these to them and include them in deciding how they will participate. Remember that they should be prepared beforehand, told what to expect, and have a supporting adult with them. Do not force them to do anything they don't feel comfortable doing.
6. The child may show regressive behaviour.
   • A common reaction to stress is reverting to an earlier stage of development. (For example, child may begin thumb sucking, or bed-wetting; or, may need to go back into diapers or have a bottle for a time). Support the child in this and keep in mind that these regressions are temporary.

Adults can help prepare a child deal with future loses of those who are significant by helping the child handle smaller losses through sharing their feelings when a pet dies or when death is discussed in a story or on television.

In helping children understand and cope with death, remember four key concepts: Be Loving, Be Accepting, Be Truthful and Be Consistent.

Explanations That May Not Help

Outlined below are explanations that adults may give to a child to explain why the person they loved his died. Unfortunately, simple but dishonest answers can only serve to increase the fear and uncertainty that the child is feeling. Children tend to be very literal — if an adult says that "Grandpa/Grandma died because they were old and tired," the child may wonder when they too will be too old and they certainly get tired. How tired is tired enough to die?

• "Grandpa/Grandma will sleep in peace forever." This explanation may result in child's fear of going to bed or to sleep.
• "It is God's will". The child will not understand a God who takes a loved one because He needs that person Himself, or "God took him because he was so good." The child may decide to be bad so God won't take him too.
• "Daddy/Mommy went on a long trip and won't be back for a long time." The child may wonder why the person left without saying goodbye. Eventually they will realize Daddy/Mommy isn't coming back and feel that something they did caused Daddy/Mommy to leave.
• "John was sick and went to the hospital where he died." The child will need an explanation about "little" and "big" sicknesses. Otherwise, they may be extremely fearful if they or someone they love has to go to the hospital in the future.

How to Help a Child Deal with Loss

• As soon as possible after the death, set time aside to talk to the child.
• Give the child the facts in a simple manner, and be careful not to go into too much detail. The child will ask more questions as they come up in their mind.
• If you can't answer his/her questions, it's OK to say, "I don't know how to answer that, but perhaps we can find someone to help us."
• Use the correct language — say the words "dead" and "die". Do not use phrases such as, "He's sleeping," or "God took her," or "He went away."
• Ask questions like, "What are you feeling?" "What have you heard from your friends?" "What do you think has happened?" etc.
• Explain your feelings to your children, especially if you are crying. Give them permission to cry too. We are their role models: it is good for children to see our sadness and to share our feelings with them.
• Use the given name of the deceased when speaking of him or her.
• Understand the age and level of comprehension of your child and speak to that level.
• Talk about feelings, such as angry, sad feeling responsible, scared, tearful, depressed, wishing to die too, etc.
• Read a book on death to your child. (Visit your local lending resource library)
• Read a book on childhood grief so you have a better understanding of what they may be experiencing.
• Talk about the visitation period and funeral. Explain what happens there and find out if your child wants to attend with the rest of your family.
• Think about ways that a child can say goodbye to the deceased, such as writing a letter, poem, drawing a picture, etc.
• Talk to your child about your religious beliefs, if appropriate, and what happens to people after they die.
• Invite your child to come back to you if they have more questions or have heard rumours so that you can help them receive the correct information.
• Talk about memories, good ones and ones that may not be so good.
• Watch for behaviour changes in your child - if they are cause for concern, seek professional help.
• Watch out for "bad dreams" - are they occurring often? Talk about the dreams: they are a way to discharge stress.
• Friends, family and school mates frequently find solace and comfort in doing something special in the name of the person who has died.
• Sudden death, violent death and the death of a young person are especially hard to grieve. Disruption of sleep, appetite, and daily activities may be normal responses to an abnormal or unusual event.

Where do children fit in?

• Many parents never stop to think about what they will do with the children when a loved one dies. Probably most wonder who they will get to baby-sit the children while they attend the funeral. Excluding children from the funeral will delay their grieving and hinder their ability to deal with death and loss later in life. Here are some practical ideas that have worked well.
• Give children the opportunity to draw a picture of a happy memory they have of the person who has died. This picture can be placed in the casket or with the urn.
• Have a child write a letter to the person who has died. This gives the child the opportunity to say, "I love you" one more time and to say goodbye. Put the letter in the casket or with the urn.
• A child can either pick flowers from the garden at home or buy flowers and place them either in or on the casket or by the urn.
• Older children can act as honorary pallbearers or can read a selection at the funeral. They could also act as ushers at the funeral.
• You will find it very helpful to spend time explaining to the children what a funeral is about and what will happen. Taking them to the funeral home for the visitation or wake is helpful in making them feel comfortable in those surroundings. The day of the funeral will be much easier for them if this happens.